Mennonite ecumenical leader Larry Miller to address prospects for Christian reconciliation

The World Conference on Faith and Order in 2025 (Alexandria, Egypt) will mark the 1700th anniversary of the First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea under the theme “Where Now for Visible Unity?” International ecclesial dialogues seeking ecumenical convergence as a step towards visible unity have generally focused on issues of a doctrinal nature, paying little attention to the role of “experience” and, more specifically, “experiences of unity” in and between churches.

Larry Miller, former Secretary of Global Christian Forum and General Secretary of Mennonite World Conference, speaking in Bogotá, Colombia in 2018
Larry Miller, former Secretary of Global Christian Forum and General Secretary of Mennonite World Conference.

Is this pattern beginning to change, thanks in particular to the globalization and the “pentecostalization” of the churches, as well as initiatives for ecclesial “reconciliation”?

In this Figel Event on Ecumenical Dialogue, Rev. Dr. Larry Miller, first full-time Secretary of the Global Christian Forum, and former General Secretary of the Mennonite World Conference, will receive the Consortium’s Ecumenism Award for 2024. Dr. Miller will address how experience and reconciliation between the churches is reshaping our understanding of Christian unity.   He will draw upon responses to the Faith and Order Commission’s text “The Church: Towards a Common Vision,” conversations in the annual meeting of the Conference of Secretaries of Christian World Communions, encounters in the life of the Global Christian Forum, and the results of the international Lutheran-Mennonite reconciliation process.

The event will take place February 21 in the chapel of Wesley Theological Seminary, 4500 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016. For more information, including how to RSVP or register for possible online streaming click here.

Abbot John Klassen retires;
Sr. Ann Marie Biermaier new Bridgefolk co-chair

Abbot John Klassen
Abbot John Klassen

Abbot John Klassen OSB has retired from his leadership of Saint John’s Abbey in Minnesota after 23 years of leadership. As Abbot John enters retirement he expects to stay involved with Bridgefolk but is stepping back from his leadership role there as well.

Sister Ann Marie Biermaier OSB
Sister Ann Marie Biermaier

Sr. Ann Marie Biermaier OSB of neighboring St. Benedict’s Monastery has agreed to replace Klassen as Bridgefolk’s Catholic co-chair.

In 2001, only a few months into his service as abbot, Klassen invited Bridgefolk to make the abbey its home. As Bridgefolk organized itself in the following year, he became Bridgefolk’s Catholic co-chair, a role that he enthusiastically continued until now.

Sister Biermaier is director of the Studium program for visiting scholars at St. Benedict’s Monastery and is on the board of the College of St. Benedict. She has participated in Bridgefolk for many years and joined the board in the Spring of 2023.

Klassen retired at midnight on January 7 as he approached his 75th birthday. Having begun a discernment process upon the announcement of his retirement months earlier, the monks of Saint John’s Abbey began meeting on January 8 to select their new abbot. On January 9, they selected Fr. Douglas Mullins to be the 11th abbot of the community. To the surprise of all present, the community required only a single ballot to reach its decision, according to Fr. Eric Hollas.

Rooted and Grounded speakers focus on resistance and resilience in the face of climate doom

October 12, 2023
by Sarah Werner

ELKHART, Indiana (Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary) — Nearly 40 Bridgefolk participants joined with other Christians for the sixth Rooted and Grounded Conference on Land and Christian Discipleship, hosted by the Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary (AMBS) in late September. The conference focused on the theme, “Pathways through Climate Doom: Resistance and Resilience.”

“The focus on confronting climate doom resonated with many people, especially the young adults who attended,” reflected Janeen Bertsche Johnson, MDiv, AMBS Director of Campus Ministries and Rooted and Grounded Conference Coordinator. “I was grateful for the ways in which speakers, workshops and worship sessions helped us imagine a variety of responses — curiosity, trauma-informed care, scriptural resources, deep attention, art and music, prayer postures, engaged dialogue, historical truth-telling, lament, hope, and so much more.”

A total of 150 participants from the United States and Canada gathered for keynote sessions, workshops, paper presentations and worship, with 30 more attending online.  Bridgefolk co-sponsored the conference instead of holding its own annual conference in 2023. Bridgefolk participants led morning and evening worship services for all, then gathered for reflection and a Bridgefolk footwashing / agape service on Saturday afternoon.

The Rooted and Grounded theme offered an opportunity for Bridgefolk to follow through on its recent conference topics. Since 2018, annual Bridgefolk conferences have invited Mennonites and Catholics to look together at their shared calling to address racial injustice and the legacy of land theft from indigenous peoples in order to nurture a just peace.

Kaitlin Curtice, a Potawatomi Christian author, poet and speaker, presented two keynote sessions on “Resistance” during the Rooted and Grounded Conference on Land and Christian Discipleship, held Sept. 28–30, 2023, at Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary in Elkhart, Indiana. (Credit: David Fisher Fast)

Resistance

On the evening of Sept. 28, Kaitlin Curtice, a Potawatomi Christian author, poet and speaker, presented a keynote address during the conference’s opening worship session on the need for resistance in the midst of climate doom. She suggested that resistance includes cultivating relationships – with Mother Earth, with one another, and with fellow creatures. Resistance is also the way in which people use their everyday lives to resist the “toxic status quo of our time” and choose an alternative way that is rooted in relationships.

Curtice shared about her upbringing on the Citizen Potawatomi Nation reservation in Oklahoma and how she had to overcome a sense of disembodiment that resulted from her ancestors having been uprooted and having had to start over in new places.

“Colonialism disrupts our connection to the land, our bodies and each other — no matter our background,” she said. Resistance represents a lifelong endeavor to rebuild these connections and heal from the intergenerational trauma of disconnection, she noted, reminding those present, “The land is everywhere. If we listen, the land is speaking.”

During her workshop on the morning of Sept. 29, Curtice expanded on the theme of resistance by sharing from her latest book, Living Resistance: An Indigenous Vision for Seeking Wholeness Every Day (Brazos, 2023). She described how four realms of resistance provide a moving, cyclical framework for understanding life — communal, ancestral, personal and integral.

Curtice explained how people are bound up in community with both their ancestors and those who will come after them. The actions of their ancestors have led them to where they are now, and the actions that they take in turn affect the generations that come after them.

People will make mistakes, feel exhausted and move from realm to realm to figure out life, Curtice told her listeners. Things will be hard, and they will grieve. She reminded them that the current plight will not be fixed quickly, for this is lifelong work, but they are not alone in it.

Resilience

Leah Thomas, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pastoral Care at AMBS, provided a resilience training on Sept. 29 in the afternoon. She defined resilience as “the capacity to face and handle life’s challenges with flexibility and creativity.”

“Resilience means rediscovering and cultivating forms of inner strength that we may not realize already reside within us,” she continued. “It is the capacity to tolerate difficult feelings, which also expands our capacity to experience greater joy. Resiliency helps us grow beyond our current comfort zone to develop a fiercely compassionate and honest engagement with life.”

Drawing from social psychology, Thomas explained how trauma affects people’s emotional and spiritual lives and can be transmitted across generations.

“The climate crisis is a collective trauma — an intergenerational trauma,” she said. “The exploitation of the natural world is interconnected with other types of exploitation/oppression — including colonialism, genocide, enslavement, racism, classism and sexism — all within a society marked by capitalism’s overarching narrative of exploitation.”

“This collective trauma has damaged the ‘social tissue of community’ similar to how the tissues of the mind, body, and spirit can be damaged, and it continues to be passed from generation to generation.”

In the context of climate doom, Thomas said that resilience is the ability to remain grounded and retain a sense of well-being in the face of the collective trauma caused by climate change. During the training, she offered practical exercises for remaining grounded when feeling overwhelmed. She encouraged participants to take a break and wander outside, taking time to notice the sights, smells and sounds around them.

Seeking hope

During the evening worship service on Sept. 29, Jackie Wyse-Rhodes, PhD, Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible at AMBS, shared her keynote address, “Seeking Hope when the Path is Crooked: The Bible and Climate Change.” She discussed various types of paths in the Bible — straight paths, crooked paths, paths yet unknown, and ancient paths.

Stan Harder (profile, at left), Conrad Liechty of Goshen (Indiana) College, and Ally Welty Peachey of Eastern Mennonite University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, converse during one of the sessions at the Rooted and Grounded Conference on Land and Christian Discipleship at AMBS. Liechty and Peachey were among a group of young adults who attended the conference through the Anabaptist Climate Collaborative as “climate ambassadors” from their schools. (Credit: David Fisher Fast)

Straight paths are often extolled in the Bible as good and righteous, she said, making for a journey that is accessible and predictable. Crooked paths are the opposite — untrustworthy and difficult.

While it seems that climate change is leading humanity on a crooked path to destruction, Wyse-Rhodes reminded her listeners that they are not the first to despair or to lose hope. She called them to remember various people from the Bible and how they navigated challenging journeys.

Wyse-Rhodes also looked to Wisdom literature for guidance in forging a path of justice and faithfulness in difficult times.

“The ‘path yet unknown’ is a future path, yes. But it is not linear,” she said. “The past and the future inform one another. The crooked path loops back upon itself, and if we seek diligently, maybe we can find an off-ramp to the past, where we can set up a marker to welcome future generations back home. For the road to our future will ultimately take us back to God’s own ancient pathways.”

Additional conference information

Along with the keynote sessions, 10 workshops and 13 paper presentations provided participants with practical tools for dealing with climate doom as they engage in the work of restoring a fragile and damaged earth.

In addition to Bridgefolk, other co-sponsors were the Anabaptist Climate Collaborative, Mennonite Creation Care Network and Merry Lea Environmental Learning Center of Goshen (Indiana) College.

Prior Rooted and Grounded conferences were held in 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2021.

Located in Elkhart, Indiana, on ancestral land of the Potawatomi and Miami peoples, Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary is a learning community with an Anabaptist vision, offering theological education for learners both on campus and at a distance as well as a wide array of lifelong learning programs — all with the goal of educating followers of Jesus Christ to be leaders for God’s reconciling mission in the world.

This AMBS press release was supplemented with information from Bridgefolk.

Pope Francis releases 2nd apostolic exhortation on the climate crisis

Bridgefolk board member Michelle Sherman draws our attention to the importance of Pope Francis’s second apostolic exhortation for all people of goodwill on the climate crisis, Laudate Deum [“Praise God”], released on the Feast of St. Francis of Assisi, October 4. Sherman notes that the theme coincides with that of the Rooted and Grounded conference that Bridgefolk had co-sponsored just days before, in place of its own 2023 annual conference.

Encouraging Bridgefolk participants to read the document, Sherman notes that it is relatively short and can be read in one sitting. She offers the following excerpts in order to illustrate how its message resonates with that of the recently conference:

11. It is no longer possible to doubt the human – “anthropic” – origin of climate change. Let us see why. The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which causes global warming, was stable until the nineteenth century, below 300 parts per million in volume. But in the middle of that century, in conjunction with industrial development, emissions began to increase. In the past fifty years, this increase has accelerated significantly, as the Mauna Loa observatory, which has taken daily measurements of carbon dioxide since 1958, has confirmed. While I was writing Laudato Si’, they hit a historic high – 400 parts per million – until arriving at 423 parts per million in June 2023. [7] More than 42% of total net emissions since the year 1850 were produced after 1990. [8]

69. I ask everyone to accompany this pilgrimage of reconciliation with the world that is our home and to help make it more beautiful, because that commitment has to do with our personal dignity and highest values. At the same time, I cannot deny that it is necessary to be honest and recognize that the most effective solutions will not come from individual efforts alone, but above all from major political decisions on the national and international level.

72. If we consider that emissions per individual in the United States are about two times greater than those of individuals living in China, and about seven times greater than the average of the poorest countries, [44] we can state that a broad change in the irresponsible lifestyle connected with the Western model would have a significant long-term impact. As a result, along with indispensable political decisions, we would be making progress along the way to genuine care for one another.

73. “Praise God” is the title of this letter. For when human beings claim to take God’s place, they become their own worst enemies.

Sister Karen Rose installed as prioress of St. Benedict’s Monastery

Karen Rose, OSB, was installed as the 18th prioress of Saint Benedict’s Monastery in Saint Joseph, Minnesota on Sunday, June 4, 2023. In recent years Sister Karen served as a Bridgefolk board member. Although her new responsibilities prompted her to resign from that position soon after her election by the monastic community on February 25, she hopes to continue participating in Bridgefolk.

S. Karen previously served as the director of mission advancement at Saint Benedict’s Monastery and succeeds Sister Susan Rudolph, who served as prioress since 2017.

The prioress is elected for a six-year term and is the spiritual leader of the community, which currently has 157 sisters. She is also the chief executive officer of the corporation and represents the monastery on the corporate board of the College of Saint Benedict and the corporate board of St. Cloud Hospital, two institutions founded by Saint Benedict’s Monastery.

S. Karen was born in the northwest of England. As she was growing up, she grew to love the arts and humanities and considered a career in ancient and modern languages, but as she went off to pursue higher education, she decided to study philosophy and theology in the hope of finding the meaning of life. When she didn’t find it, she felt called to do something that would help ease the suffering of humanity. That call ultimately led her to move into the field of health care. She holds a bachelor’s degree and master’s degree in philosophy and theology from Oxford University, a doctorate in nursing from the University of Manchester, as well as other degrees and certificates.

An insatiable thirst for knowledge and discovery led S. Karen to participate in Studium, the monastery’s scholars’ program, in 2005. With no plans to enter religious life, she never expected to stay more than a few weeks. However, she felt God kept calling her back, until she made first monastic profession on July 11, 2009 and perpetual monastic profession on July 11, 2012.

The Rite of Installation took place at 9:30 a.m. on Sunday, June 4 in the presence of her monastic community, members of the Monastic Congregation of Saint Benedict, and several special guests. She was installed in the office of prioress by Sister Nicole Kunze, Vice President of the Monastic Congregation of Saint Benedict.

Later that afternoon at a special celebration of the Eucharist, the Most Reverend Patrick Neary, Bishop of the Diocese of Saint Cloud, bestowed upon Prioress Karen Rose the blessing of the universal church in the presence of family, friends, oblates, Benedictine associates, clergy, representatives of religious communities, colleagues, benefactors, staff, members of the Order’s sponsored institutions, and persons representing the wider community.

John D. Roth calls for “less triumph, more confession” when Anabaptists celebrate anniversary in 2025

Writing in Anabaptist World, the denominational magazine of the Mennonite Church USA, leading Mennonite historian John D. Roth has called upon Mennonites to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the Anabaptist movement that birthed their church in a spirit of reconciliation and forgiveness. Ecumenical “steps toward reconciliation in the past two decades” with Lutherans, Catholics, and Reformed churches “make it clear that the commemorative events … will need to look different” from the way that Mennonites once presented themselves in ecumenical encounters.

For example, if earlier accounts of Anabaptist beginnings depicted the movement primarily in heroic, even triumphalist, language, the 2025 commemoration will need to include space for confession. For many Mennonites our impulse in ecumenical settings is to claim our distinctive theological themes — community, discipleship, nonresistance — as if they were talismans that secure our moral superiority. The principle of “right remembering” calls us to also recognize shadow sides of those distinctives — the way in which our focus on distinctives can blind us to other theological truths — or to the gaps that exist between our precepts and our practice. 

Second, a focus on Anabaptist origins in 16th-century Europe can easily overshadow the global reality of the church today. History matters, but almost all of the growth in MWC-member churches during the past 50 years has been in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The renewal of the Anabaptist tradition today is happening in the Global South. 

Finally, our commemorations in 2025 will need to acknowledge the significant ecumenical relationships forged since 2004. These have spiritual significance and call on Mennonites to revise how we tell the story of the 16th century.

Roth is professor of history at Goshen (Ind.) College, director of the Institute for the Study of Global Anabaptism and editor of Mennonite Quarterly Review. His article is available in the March issue of Anabaptist World.

Vatican formally repudiates “Doctrine of Discovery”

After years of pressure and following up on Pope Francis’s 2022 visit to Canada, the Vatican issued a statement on March 30 repudiating the 15th-century concepts known as the “Doctrine of Discovery,” which were used to rationalize colonization. Recent Bridgefolk conferences have examined the “Doctrine of Discovery” as part of mutual learning that Mennonites and Catholics in the grassroots movement for dialogue and unity believe necessary in order to strengthen just peacemaking practices in both traditions, and in both the United States and Canada.

As the US-based National Catholic Reporter reports in an article by its Vatican reporter Christopher White,

“In no uncertain terms, the Church’s magisterium upholds the respect due to every human being,” states a two-page text released jointly by the Vatican’s Dicasteries for Culture and Education and Promoting Integral Human Development. “The Catholic Church therefore repudiates those concepts that fail to recognize the inherent human rights of indigenous peoples, including what has become known as the legal and political ‘doctrine of discovery.’ ” 

The declaration acknowledges that some scholars believe the basis of the doctrine is rooted in papal documents, but states that the bulls were “written in a specific historical period and linked to political questions, [and] have never been considered expressions of the Catholic faith.”

At the same time, it states that the papal bulls “did not adequately reflect the equal dignity and rights of indigenous peoples” and that the they were “manipulated for political purposes by competing colonial powers in order to justify immoral acts against indigenous peoples that were carried out, at times, without opposition from ecclesiastical authorities.”

The Vatican statement has been a leading news story in Canada, reports Bridgefolk board member Gilbert Detillieux of Winnipeg.  According to the CBC, indigenous leaders have welcomed the news, though with warnings that the statement will remain symbolic unless it leads to further concrete action by the Church, and by the governments on both sides of the border that converted the “Doctrine of Discovery” into the policies, laws, and court rulings that stripped indigenous peoples of their lands and led to the assimilationist efforts and abuses of residential schools. 

Catholic conferences of bishops in both Canada and the United States have expressed support for the repudiation.

Pope Francis speaking at his meeting with delegations of indigenous peoples of Canada in April 2022.

Catholic Nonviolence Initiative lecture series on gospel nonviolence now available

We are created out of Love and for Love. Conflict is a regular part of this human journey and an opportunity to grow. How do we grow into the persons and communities that God calls us to become? How do we construct a more sustainable just peace?

In October the Catholic Nonviolence Initiative, a project of Pax Christi International, offered a series of virtual lectures on gospel nonviolence:

  • Why ‘Nonviolence?’ (includes 2 young adult speakers)
  • Returning to and Exploring the Power of Nonviolence
  • Christian Foundations of Nonviolence
  • Embracing Nonviolence: A New Moral Framework
  • Embracing Nonviolence: Transforming the Church.

These lectures are now available for personal or group study. All five videos are divided into speaker chapters, and the presentations run from between 15 to 29 minutes. Immediately following each presentation is a slide that has three discussion/essay questions.

A one-stop web page for these resources is available at https://cniseries.info. The page includes find brief lecture and presentation summaries, a link to each video and a downloadable study guide.

Standing at a crossroads, Bridgefolk asks how to repair harm to native peoples

PRESS RELEASE RE:
Bridgefolk 2022 conference
21-24 July 2022

Collegeville, MN (BRIDGEFOLK) – Participants in the Bridgefolk movement for dialogue and greater unity between Mennonites and Roman Catholics have long made the phrase, “Proceed through friendship,” their byword.

Celebrating their 20th annual conference under the theme, “Standing at the Crossroads,” as they met at Saint John’s Abbey in Minnesota July 21-24, Bridgefolk found reason to hope that the steady relationship building that is basic to its “charism” or gift might also help their churches face a challenge that their traditions share. Both are at a “crossroads,” after all, reminiscent of the one where the prophet Jeremiah told Israel to “ask for the ancient paths” and walk “the good way.” The challenge is to find ways to repent and repair the legacy of harm done to indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States through historic removal, European settlement, and misguided mission efforts.

How to seek just peace through racial justice and indigenous/settler encounter has been an ongoing theme in recent Bridgefolk conferences. This year’s theme proved particularly timely when the Vatican announced that Pope Francis would take an apology just days after Bridgefolk’s conference to the Metis, Inuit, and First Nations peoples of Canada for the “deplorable” abuses they suffered in Canada’s Catholic-run residential schools from the late 1800s until as late as 1990.

Though church collaboration with governments in running residential or boarding schools did not last as long in the United States as in Canada, churches south of the border – including Mennonite ones – also face the legacy of their own mission efforts. Rather than sharing the Christian message as an uncoerced invitation consistent with host cultures, too often churches have joined in colonializing efforts to assimilate native peoples and strip children of their cultures and languages. Furthermore, Mennonites whose ancestors immigrated to the U.S. and Canada have begun to grapple with the fact that policies of Indian removal made possible their very presence on the continent, even if those ancestors participated unwittingly.

Introducing these challenges, Sister Pat Kennedy OSB of Saint Benedict’s Monastery and Jaime Arsenault, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer for the White Earth Nation in northern Minnesota, shared the story of their communities’ collaborative project to reckon with their history. From 1878-1945 the Sisters of Saint Benedict operated schools on three sites, including the monastery itself, along with the White Earth and Red Lake Reservations. The Sisters have officially apologized for their complicity in the boarding school program, but Kennedy and Arsenault both insisted that this can only be a beginning.

Jaime Arsenault, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer for the White Earth Nation

“My work on historical preservation for White Earth is future-oriented,” noted Arsenault, while Kennedy underscored that her community must now work to build relationships of trust with White Earth and Red Lake. Sharing long-forgotten documents and photos from monastic archives offers one opportunity for healing to indigenous descendants. Artifacts are still being discovered among the archives, and even if they were originally given to the community as gifts, the community is working with Arsenault to return them to families and communities where they will be treasured far more for their material and spiritual connection with ancestors.

Boarding schools and forced assimilation were part of a much larger set of policies aiming to strip indigenous communities not only of their culture, insisted Arsenault, but of their resource-rich lands. In the following session, Rev. Jim Bear Jacobs of the Stockbridge-Munsee Mohican Nation stated the implication bluntly: “For white congregations there is no pain-free path forward in this. Reconciliation will cost you something. It should cost you something because it cost me everything.”

In what may be the most revolutionary text in the New Testament, Jacobs explained, Jesus told his followers that making repair when someone has a grievance against them is even more important than “bringing your gift to the altar” in worship (Matt. 5:23-24). Jacobs called on every congregation in every denomination that was complicit in boarding schools “at the very least” to “commit a significant amount of your church budget to indigenous language and cultural reclamation projects” not simply as charity but as something “you wrestle with at every quarterly business meeting” just like salary obligations and light bills.

Rev. Jim Bear Jacobs of the Stockbridge-Munsee Mohican Nation

Jacobs also called on congregations and parishes to assess the stories that their buildings tell through their iconography, flags, symbols, stained glass windows, and especially their portrayals of Jesus. “Does he look like a good old-fashioned Swede? Or might I find a Jesus with brown skin?”

Jacob’s challenge was paired with a presentation by Dr. Jeremy Bergen of Conrad Grebel University College in Ontario in a session that asked, “How Does a Tradition Repent?” With expertise on the theology of church apologies, Bergen is regularly called upon to comment on the residential-school scandal in Canada and the Catholic Church’s response. But he also notes ways that the stories of his Mennonite ancestors’ flight as refugees from war and persecution in Europe has long blinded Mennonites to the realities and histories of the indigenous people unto whose ancestral lands they settled.

That churches have begun to make official apologies both to one another for past persecutions and mutual recrimination, as well as to the descendants of enslaved and displaced peoples, said Bergen, is a noteworthy historical development and sign of the Holy Spirit’s work – but never sufficient. Tests of whether apologies are authentic and appropriate include: Are they vague or do they confess specific sins? Do they use a request for forgiveness as a way to control relationships or do they invite those receiving the apology to move toward reconciliation at their own pace, on their own terms? Do they merely seek to alleviate a sense of guilt, or do they contribute to a longer process of action and repair?

Dr. Jeremy Bergen, Conrad Grebel University College, Ontario

Perhaps the hardest task of repair for white settlers and their descendants is to actually return stolen land or the resources indigenous communities need to recover land. “It may be unrealistic to return all the land,” noted John Stoesz in a final session on the topic of repairing the legacy of harm to indigenous peoples, “but it is unjust to return none.”

Erica Littlewolf, Indigenous Visioning Circle Program Coordinator, Mennonite Central Committee-Central States, and a member of the Northern Cheyenne Nation, elaborated on that legacy of harm and injustice. The Doctrine of Discovery by which Europeans rationalized their displacement of indigenous people from the American continents can seem “cerebral” at first but its consequences continue to impact her people and their very sense of identity. “If you fail to see the roots of social ills, you will always blame the oppressed for their oppression.”

Repairing 500-year wrongs may seem daunting, but as an advocate for land recovery, Stoesz has practiced what he preaches. When his family sold its farm near Mountain Lake, Minnesota, he turned over half of his share in the proceeds to the Makoce Ikikupe organization, which seeks to reconnect Dakota people to the homeland from which they were expelled in Minnesota in the 19th century. His personal story and his elaboration of the work Makoce Ikikupe is doing to return Dakota land, revitalize Dakota culture, and renew the natural environment, underscored that the work of repair really is possible.

More than possible, the work of repair is joyful when it is grounded in deepening friendship, suggested various speakers. Speaking warmly of her relationships with the Sisters of St. Benedict to whom she often brings wild rice or sunflowers, Arsenault told of her hope to return a hundred-plus-year-old pair of moccasins with a floral design to a family she knows in the White Earth community. “No matter how difficult things get, there will be moments like that peppered throughout this experience – I guarantee you. How interesting that I brought flowers to the sisters to bring joy and that flowers might return to equally bring joy back.”

Whether “reconciliation” is the right word for this work was a question that some speakers at the conference took up, since indigenous people see no time of right relationship between their ancestors and Europeans in the past to which they can return. When those who have benefited from past wrongs are willing to live with their discomfort, relinquish their need for control, and do what they can to repair past wrongs in tangible ways, however, new and deeper relationship can bring healing for all.

Friendship itself may help us navigate a crossroads, after all. Bracketing the 2022 Bridgefolk conference were two sessions commemorating the movement’s history and anticipating further work, and yet key themes and lessons carried through. The progress that Catholics and Mennonites in Bridgefolk have made by “proceeding through friendship,” noted Bridgefolk co-founder Marlene Kropf, may seem slow but is real. Even when our unity is incomplete, noted Bridgefolk co-chair Abbot John Klassen, new rituals like annual hymnsings and footwashing celebrate our work and relationships so far. Surely, they agreed, these Bridgefolk gifts have something to offer to other dialogues and processes of healing.

Gerald W. Schlabach

For conference photos, write to news@bridgefolk.net